Finally, they can emulsify up to 80% water, reducing formulation costs, and they enable the combination of high levels of humectants such as glycerin with emollients to create stable moisturizers with superior aesthetics. They also have affinity for both silicone and organic oils, allowing for flexibility in the oil phase and the addition of other specialty silicones for expanded texture and sensory possibilities. Thus, the ability of silicone emulsifiers to combine high molecular weight with flexibility is a distinctive characteristic that helps to account for their success in w/o systems.Īs noted regarding form, silicone emulsifiers are liquid at RT, a property that makes them suitable for cold process manufacturing. 500 Da), may need to be combined with waxes for stability. 1,000 Da) are typically waxy materials, and at lower molecular weights (approx. ![]() 5, 6 In contrast, w/o organic emulsifiers at higher molecular weights (approx. This unique structure and its impact on emulsification were previously described in more depth. This is due to the inherent property of their Si-O bond, which is much more flexible than a C-C bond and allows the silicone polymer to maintain a high molecular weight yet remain liquid at RT. ![]() 2 Further, silicone emulsifiers successfully emulsify the silicone-rich oil phase of formulations and impart expanded texture and sensory possibilities. Silicone-based emulsifiers can impart the same benefits but without many of the disadvantages associated with w/o systems, such as a greasy feel manufacturing-required heating/cooling, or waxes for stability and limited flexibility in formulations. 1 Properties that w/o systems can contribute to formulas include wash-off resistance, substantivity, improved barrier function, emolliency and moisturization, and in some cases, they can influence the penetration of actives. In 2010, silicone polyether-based emulsifiers were utilized most in the color segment and included in 43.6% of newly launched foundations, 38.5% of concealers, and 27.3% of primers worldwide. Silicone based w/s and w/o emulsifiers have been available to formulators since the mid 1980s and a broad range of these materials now exists. Furthermore, silicone emulsifiers are typically liquid at RT and do not require waxes for emulsion stabilization, which create a heavier feel. While some organic w/o emulsifiers provide similar marketable effects, they are usually limited in their ability to incorporate silicone oils for a weightless feel in formulations. To deliver even the most basic benefits, emulsion stability is the key, and emulsifiers based on silicone polyether structure, generally known as PEG/PPG-X/Y dimethicone, provide one versatile solution, as is shown in the present article. ![]() Qualities that capture the attention of consumers-advertised as fresh, weightless, healthy, smooth and protective-may be evoked in part through emulsions with distinctive textures or sensory effects. However, not only can emulsions provide the very framework of a product, they may also contribute to the more ethereal or subjective attributes that consumers seek. ![]() Emulsions form the underpinning of countless personal care products, from lotions, creams and foundations, to sunscreens, hair conditioners and cleansers.
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